Performance of an aphid Myzus persicae and its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae on wild and cultivated Brassicaceae
Résumé
To determine to what extent wild species related to crops might serve as refuges for insect pests and their natural enemies, we compared the performance of the aphid Myzus persicae and its endoparasitoid Diaeretiella rapae on one cultivar of Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea, two wild species Brassica nigra and Sinapis arvensis, and one cultivar of Solanum lycopersicum. These species differ in traits associated with plant defences that may have an impact on the herbivore and its parasitoid. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, aphid population growth rate was significantly smaller on B. napus than on the other Brassicaceae species. Similarly, the performance of the parasitoid was affected by the host plant on which the aphid was feeding. However, aphid and parasitoid performance was not correlated. Thus, in temporally changing landscapes, pests and natural enemies may utilize crops and wild-related host species with contrasting impacts on their fitness.