S. N. Aitken, S. Yeaman, J. A. Holliday, T. Wang, and S. Curtis-mclane, , 2008.

, Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for tree populations: Climate change outcomes for tree populations, Evolutionary Applications, vol.1, issue.1, pp.95-111

C. D. Allis and T. Jenuwein, The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.17, issue.8, pp.487-500, 2016.

C. Alonso, D. Ramos-cruz, and C. Becker, The role of plant epigenetics in biotic interactions, New Phytologist, 2018.

H. E. Amarasinghe, C. I. Clayton, and E. B. Mallon, Methylation and worker reproduction in the bumble-bee (Bombus terrestris), Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.281, pp.20132502-20132502, 1780.

A. A. Aravin, G. J. Hannon, and J. Brennecke, The Piwi-piRNA pathway provides an adaptive defense in the transposon arms race, Science, issue.5851, pp.761-764, 2007.

A. Ardura, A. Zaiko, P. Morán, S. Planes, and E. Garcia-vazquez, Epigenetic signatures of invasive status in populations of marine invertebrates, Scientific Reports, vol.7, p.42193, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01488962

H. G. Baker and G. L. Stebbins, genetics of colonizing species, proceedings. Presented at the International Union of, Biological Sciences Symposia on General Biology, 1964.

M. Baltazar-soares, F. Paiva, Y. Chen, A. Zhan, and E. Briski, Diversity and distribution of genetic variation in gammarids: Comparing patterns between invasive Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright, 2017.

A. D. Bradshaw, Evolutionary Significance of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plants, Advances in Genetics, vol.13, pp.60048-60054, 1965.

K. Bräutigam, K. J. Vining, C. Lafon-placette, C. G. Fossdal, M. Mirouze et al., Epigenetic regulation of adaptive responses of forest tree species to the environment, Ecology and Evolution, vol.3, issue.2, pp.399-415, 2013.

P. Capy, G. Gasperi, C. Biémont, and C. Bazin, Stress and transposable elements: coevolution or useful parasites?, Heredity, vol.85, issue.2, pp.101-106, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00751.x
URL : https://www.nature.com/articles/6887510.pdf

E. Casacuberta and J. González, The impact of transposable elements in environmental adaptation, Molecular Ecology, vol.22, issue.6, pp.1503-1517, 2013.

S. E. Castel and R. A. Martienssen, RNA interference in the nucleus: roles for small RNAs in transcription, epigenetics and beyond, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.14, issue.2, pp.100-112, 2013.

S. L. Chown, S. Slabber, M. A. Mcgeoch, C. Janion, and H. P. Leinaas, Phenotypic plasticity mediates climate change responses among invasive and indigenous arthropods, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.274, pp.2531-2537, 1625.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2007.0772
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2275886?pdf=render

E. B. Chuong, N. C. Elde, and C. Feschotte, Regulatory activities of transposable elements: from conflicts to benefits, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.18, issue.2, pp.71-86, 2017.

D. Conde, A. Le-gac, M. Perales, C. Dervinis, M. Kirst et al., Chilling-responsive DEMETER-LIKE DNA demethylase mediates in poplar Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright, 2017.
DOI : 10.1111/pce.13019

X. Huang, S. Li, P. Ni, Y. Gao, B. Jiang et al., Rapid response to changing environments during biological invasions: DNA methylation perspectives, Molecular Ecology, vol.26, issue.23, pp.6621-6633, 2017.
DOI : 10.1111/mec.14382

R. B. Huey, G. W. Gilchrist, and A. P. Hendry, Using Invasive Species to Study Evolution, p.26, 2005.

H. Ito, J. Kim, W. Matsunaga, H. Saze, A. Matsui et al., A Stress-Activated Transposon in Arabidopsis Induces Transgenerational Abscisic Acid Insensitivity, Scientific Reports, vol.6, issue.1, 2016.

F. Johannes, E. Porcher, F. K. Teixeira, V. Saliba-colombani, M. Simon et al., Assessing the Impact of Transgenerational Epigenetic Variation on Complex Traits, PLOS Genetics, vol.5, issue.6, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01193366

T. Kawakatsu, S. C. Huang, F. Jupe, E. Sasaki, R. J. Schmitz et al., Epigenomic Diversity in a Global Collection of Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions, J. R, vol.166, issue.2, pp.492-505, 2016.

M. G. Kidwell and D. R. Lisch, Perspective: transposable elements, parasitic DNA, and genome evolution. Evolution, International Journal of Organic Evolution, vol.55, issue.1, pp.1-24, 2001.

J. M. Kim, S. Vanguri, J. D. Boeke, A. Gabriel, and D. F. Voytas, Transposable elements and genome organization: A comprehensive survey of retrotransposons revealed by the complete Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence, Genome, 1998.

V. Preite, L. B. Snoek, C. Oplaat, A. Biere, W. H. Putten et al., The epigenetic footprint of poleward range-expanding plants in apomictic dandelions, Molecular Ecology, vol.24, issue.17, pp.4406-4418, 2015.

P. J. Prentis, J. R. Wilson, E. E. Dormontt, D. M. Richardson, and A. J. Lowe, , 2008.

, Adaptive evolution in invasive species, Trends in Plant Science, vol.13, issue.6, pp.288-294

P. Provataris, K. Meusemann, O. Niehuis, S. Grath, and B. Misof, Signatures of DNA Methylation across Insects Suggest Reduced DNA Methylation Levels in Holometabola, Genome Biology and Evolution, vol.10, issue.4, pp.1185-1197, 2018.

C. Pu and A. Zhan, Epigenetic divergence of key genes associated with water temperature and salinity in a highly invasive model ascidian, Biological Invasions, vol.19, issue.7, pp.2015-2028, 2017.

N. Pumplin and O. Voinnet, RNA silencing suppression by plant pathogens: defence, counter-defence and counter-counter-defence, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.11, issue.11, 2013.

J. M. Raser and E. K. Shea, Noise in gene expression: origins, consequences, and control, Science, issue.5743, pp.2010-2013, 2005.

R. Rebollo, M. M. Karimi, M. Bilenky, L. Gagnier, K. Miceli-royer et al., Retrotransposon-Induced Heterochromatin Spreading in the Mouse Revealed by Insertional Polymorphisms, PLoS Genetics, vol.7, issue.9, 2011.

J. Reinders and J. Paszkowski, Unlocking the Arabidopsis epigenome, Epigenetics, vol.4, issue.8, pp.557-563, 2009.

O. Rey, E. Danchin, M. Mirouze, C. Loot, and S. Blanchet, Adaptation to Global Change: A Transposable Element-Epigenetics Perspective, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.31, issue.7, pp.514-526, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02099870

C. L. Richards, C. Alonso, C. Becker, O. Bossdorf, E. Bucher et al., Ecological plant epigenetics: Evidence from model and nonmodel species, and the way forward, Ecology Letters, vol.20, issue.12, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02098587

C. L. Richards, O. Bossdorf, N. Z. Muth, J. Gurevitch, and M. Pigliucci, Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions, Ecology Letters, vol.9, issue.8, pp.981-993, 2006.

C. L. Richards, A. W. Schrey, and M. Pigliucci, Invasion of diverse habitats by few Japanese knotweed genotypes is correlated with epigenetic differentiation, Ecology Letters, vol.15, issue.9, pp.1016-1025, 2012.

E. J. Richards, Inherited epigenetic variation -revisiting soft inheritance, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.7, issue.5, pp.395-401, 2006.

C. D. Schlichting and M. A. Wund, Phenotypic plasticity and epigenetic marking: an assessment of evidence for genetic accommodation: special section, Evolution, vol.68, issue.3, pp.656-672, 2014.

M. W. Schmid, C. Heichinger, D. Schmid, D. Guthörl, V. Gagliardini et al., Contribution of epigenetic variation to adaptation in Arabidopsis, Nature Communications, issue.1, p.9, 2018.

R. J. Schmitz, M. D. Schultz, M. G. Lewsey, R. C. O'malley, M. A. Urich et al., Transgenerational Epigenetic Instability Is a Source of Novel Methylation Variants, The B73 Maize Genome: Complexity, Diversity, and Dynamics, vol.334, pp.1112-1115, 2009.

L. Schrader, J. W. Kim, D. Ence, A. Zimin, A. Klein et al., Transposable element islands facilitate adaptation to novel environments in an invasive species, Nature Communications, vol.5, p.5495, 2014.

A. W. Schrey, C. A. Coon, M. T. Grispo, M. Awad, T. Imboma et al., Epigenetic Variation May Compensate for Decreased Genetic Variation with Introductions: A Case Study Using House Sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) on Two Continents, Genetics Research International, pp.1-7, 2012.

J. P. Sexton, J. K. Mckay, and A. Sala, Plasticity and genetic diversity may allow saltcedar to invade cold climates in north america, Ecological Applications, vol.12, issue.6, p.9, 2002.

D. K. Seymour and C. Becker, The causes and consequences of DNA methylome variation in plants, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol.36, pp.56-63, 2017.

E. L. Sheldon, A. Schrey, S. C. Andrew, A. Ragsdale, and S. C. Griffith, Epigenetic and genetic variation among three separate introductions of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) into Australia, Royal Society Open Science, vol.5, issue.4, 2018.

G. Sienski, D. Dönertas, and J. Brennecke, Transcriptional Silencing of Transposons by Piwi and Maelstrom and Its Impact on Chromatin State and Gene Expression, Cell, vol.151, issue.5, pp.964-980, 2012.

D. Simberloff and M. Rejmanek, Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions, 2011.

R. K. Slotkin and R. Martienssen, Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.8, issue.4, pp.272-285, 2007.

X. Song and X. Cao, Transposon-mediated epigenetic regulation contributes to phenotypic diversity and environmental adaptation in rice, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol.36, pp.111-118, 2017.

Y. Song, L. Liu, Y. Feng, Y. Wei, X. Yue et al., Chilling-and Freezing-Induced Alterations in Cytosine Methylation and Its Association with the Cold Tolerance of an Alpine Subnival Plant, Chorispora bungeana, PLOS ONE, vol.10, issue.8, 2015.

A. Spannhoff, Y. K. Kim, N. J. Raynal, .. Gharibyan, V. Su et al., Histone deacetylase inhibitor activity in royal jelly might facilitate caste switching in bees, EMBO Reports, vol.12, issue.3, pp.238-243, 2011.

J. Stapley, P. G. Feulner, S. E. Johnston, A. W. Santure, and C. M. Smadja, , 2017.

, Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes: patterns and processes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, p.372, 1736.

J. Stapley, A. W. Santure, and S. R. Dennis, Transposable elements as agents of rapid adaptation may explain the genetic paradox of invasive species, Molecular Ecology, vol.24, issue.9, pp.2241-2252, 2015.

S. E. Sultan, Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth, vol.82, p.16, 2001.

K. A. Theoharides and J. S. Dukes, Plant invasion across space and time: factors affecting nonindigenous species success during four stages of invasion, New Phytologist, vol.176, issue.2, pp.256-273, 2007.

G. C. Trussell and L. D. Smith, Induced defenses in response to an invading crab predator: An explanation of historical and geographic phenotypic change, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.97, issue.5, pp.2123-2127, 2000.

A. Van-der-graaf, R. Wardenaar, D. A. Neumann, A. Taudt, R. G. Shaw et al., Rate, spectrum, and evolutionary dynamics of spontaneous epimutations, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.112, issue.21, pp.6676-6681, 2015.

T. P. Van-gurp, N. C. Wagemaker, B. Wouters, P. Vergeer, J. N. Ouborg et al., epiGBS: reference-free reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, Nature Methods, vol.13, issue.4, pp.322-324, 2016.

C. Vieira, P. Aubry, D. Lepetit, and C. Bie-mont, A temperature cline in copy number for 412 but not roo/B104 retrotransposons in populations of Drosophila simulans, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.265, pp.1161-1165, 1402.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428504

J. L. Villanuevacañas, G. E. Rech, M. A. Cara, . De, and J. González, Beyond SNPs: how to detect selection on transposable element insertions, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, pp.728-737, 2017.

C. Vitte, M. Fustier, K. Alix, and M. I. Tenaillon, The bright side of transposons in crop evolution, Briefings in Functional Genomics, vol.13, issue.4, pp.276-295, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01568885

G. Vogt, Facilitation of environmental adaptation and evolution by epigenetic phenotype variation: insights from clonal, invasive, polyploid, and domesticated animals, Environmental Epigenetics, issue.1, p.3, 2017.

G. P. Wagner and L. Altenberg, Perspective: Complex Adaptations and the Evolution of Evolvability, Evolution, vol.50, issue.3, pp.967-976, 1996.

C. P. Walsh, J. R. Chaillet, and T. H. Bestor, Transcription of IAP endogenous retroviruses is constrained by cytosine methylation, Nature Genetics, vol.20, p.116, 1998.

L. Wang and I. K. Jordan, Transposable element activity, genome regulation and human health, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol.49, pp.25-33, 2018.

K. W. Wellband, H. Pettitt-wade, A. T. Fisk, and D. D. Heath, Differential invasion success in aquatic invasive species: the role of within-and among-population genetic diversity, Biological Invasions, vol.19, issue.9, pp.2609-2621, 2017.

M. J. West-eberhard, Phenotypic accommodation: adaptive innovation due to developmental plasticity, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular, 2005.